The Psychology of Lottery

Lottery is a system of public or private prizes in which numbers are drawn for various prizes, such as cash. The first recorded lotteries in Europe took place in the Low Countries in the 15th century for purposes such as building town fortifications and helping the poor.

Although most Americans grow to disfavor lottery play as they age, many continue to purchase tickets for state-sponsored lotteries that generate billions in revenues every year. Some players see the purchase of a ticket as a low-risk investment; others believe that winning a lottery prize, however improbable, is their last, best or only shot at a better life.

Leaf Van Boven, a professor of psychology at CU Boulder who has studied decision making and counterfactual thinking, explains the psychological motivations behind this lottery behavior. He says that people tend to overestimate how likely something is to occur, and he adds that people also tend to “weight” those low odds by the degree of personal significance, a behavioral phenomenon known as decision weighting.

Those psychological motivators explain why, despite the fact that it’s the lowest-risk form of gambling around, lottery play often drains savings for retirement and other needs. It can even result in a significant loss of income over the long term, if a habit is developed. But for some, lottery money provides much-needed dollars that fund a number of valuable programs. In Virginia, for example, the $7 billion raised by the lottery has largely been directed toward education, according to John O’Neil, communications director of the Virginia Education Association, an organization representing 50,000 teachers and school professionals.